Verbal : What is Fact, Inference, Judgement (FIJ) as asked in CAT
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Fact, Inference, Judgement commonly known as FIJ…. This question type first appeared in CAT 2006 after a very long time. The process of solving question and understanding the concept behind it is very easy. If you have practiced several questions of such type, you will surely not fall in the trap. Since this type of question was new in CAT 2006, many CAT Aspirants did it wrong or left it. It was a type of bouncer (as RC questions if you haven’t practiced it sufficiently ;)).
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What is FIJ ?
A sequentially ordered statements around a single topic or sometimes different topics. You will have to predict about each sentence if its a FACT, INFERENCE OR JUDGEMENT.
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Why is such type of question difficult if you don’t practice ?
Lets check the dictionary meaning of the words.
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Meaning: FACT
| 1 | (n) | a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred Type: ‘noun.cognition’ Usage: ‘first you must collect all the facts of the case’ |
| 2 | (n) | a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened Type: ‘noun.communication’ Usage: ‘he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts’ |
| 3 | (n) | an event known to have happened or something known to have existed Type: ‘noun.state’ Usage: ‘your fears have no basis in fact’ Usage: ‘how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell’ |
| 4 | (n) | a concept whose truth can be proved Type: ‘noun.cognition’ Usage: ‘scientific hypotheses are not facts’ |
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Meaning: INFERENCE
| 1 | (n) | the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation Type: ‘noun.cognition’ Synonym: illation, |
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Meaning: JUDGEMENT
| 1 | (n) | the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision Type: ‘noun.communication’ Usage: ‘opinions are usually written by a single judge’ Synonym: judgment, legal opinion, opinion, |
| 2 | (n) | an opinion formed by judging something Type: ‘noun.cognition’ Usage: ‘he was reluctant to make his judgment known’ Usage: ‘she changed her mind’ Synonym: judgment, mind, |
| 3 | (n) | the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions Type: ‘noun.cognition’ Synonym: judging, judgment, |
| 4 | (n) | the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations Type: ‘noun.cognition’ Synonym: discernment, judgment, sagaciousness, sagacity, |
| 5 | (n) | the capacity to assess situations or circumstances shrewdly and to draw sound conclusions Type: ‘noun.attribute’ Synonym: judgment, perspicacity, sound judgement, sound judgment, |
| 6 | (n) | (law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it Type: ‘noun.act’ Synonym: judgment, judicial decision, |
| 7 | (n) | the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event Type: ‘noun.act’ Usage: ‘they criticized my judgment of the contestants’ Synonym: assessment, judgment, |
So when you go through, the dictionary meaning you will find clear difference between the three words. The fact is the one with proved data or event occurred in past i.e. on which we can fully rely. The inference is the reasoning and conclusion based on the facts available. The judgement is the final opinion of a person or author or myself which may or may not be based on any fact.
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What CAT 2006 writes about FIJ ?
FACTS, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen, or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an “F”).
INFERENCES, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an “I”).
JUDGEMENTS, which are options that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations, and occurences in the past, the present, or the future(the answer option indicates such a statement with a “J”).
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Practice Questions from : Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension for CAT
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More Explanation (coming soon)
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Verbal : How to tackle Fact, Inference, Judgement Questions
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Verbal : Fact-Inference-Judgement Questions – CAT 2006
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