[Short Notes – E&B] NCERT Class VI – Social Studies, The Earth Our Habitat – Chapter – 8 (Part-1)
INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
Read complete book (must) at NCERT Class VI – Social Studies, The Earth Our Habitat – Chapter – 8
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Broadly, the major seasons recognised in India are:
• Cold Weather Season (Winter) December to February
• Hot Weather Season (Summer) March to May
• Southwest Monsoon Season (Rainy) June to September
• Season of Retreating Monsoon (Autumn) October and November
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COLD WEATHER SEASON OR WINTER
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(December to February)
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The sun rays do not fall directly in the region. As a result the temperatures are quite low in northern India.
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HOT WEATHER SEASON OR SUMMER
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(March to May)
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The Sun rays more or less directly fall in this region.
Temperature becomes very high.
Hot and dry winds called loo, blow during the day.
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SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON OR RAINY SEASON
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The winds blow from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land.
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They carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.
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SEASON OF RETREATING MONSOONS OR AUTUMN
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Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal.
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Retreating monsoons
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Southern parts of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh receive rainfall in this season.
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Climate = The average weather condition, which have been measured over many years.
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Monsoon ~ (Arabic word ‘mausim’ – meaning seasons)
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Due to India’s location in the tropical region, most of the rain is brought by monsoon winds.
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Agriculture in India is dependent on rains. Good monsoons mean adequate rain and a bountiful crop.
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The climate of a place is affected by its location, altitude, distance from the sea, and relief.
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NATURAL VEGETATION
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Different types of natural vegetation are dependent on different climatic conditions, among which the amount of rainfall is very important.
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Due to varied climatic conditions, India has a wide range of natural vegetation.
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Vegetation of India can be divided into fivetypes
- Tropical evergreen forest
- Tropical deciduous forest
- Thorny bushes
- Mountain vegetation
- Mangrove forests.
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TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
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Occur in the areas which receive heavy rainfall.
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So dense that sunlight doesn’t reach the ground.
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Many species of trees are found in these forests, which shed their leaves at different times of the year.
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Always appear green and are called evergreen forest
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Important trees – mahogany, ebony and rosewood.
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Areas : Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of North-Eastern states and a narrow strip of the Western slope of the Western Ghats are home of these forests.
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TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS
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In large part of our country
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Also called monsoon forests.
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They are less dense.
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They shed their leaves at a particular time of the year.
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Important trees : sal, teak, peepal, neem and shisham.
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Areas : Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and in parts of Maharashtra.
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THORNY BUSHES
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Found in dry areas of the country.
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Leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water.
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Important Trees : Cactus, khair, babool, keekar
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Important Areas : States of Rajasthan,Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat
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MOUNTAIN VEGETATION
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Wide range of species is found in the mountains according to the variation in height
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With /\ in height, the temperature \/
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most of the trees are conical in shape at a height between 1500 m and 2500 m
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These trees are called coniferous trees.
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Important trees: Chir, Pine and Deodar
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MANGROVE FORESTS
Can survive in saline water
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Found mainly in Sunderbans in West Bengal and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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Important tress: Sundari is a well-known species of trees in mangrove forests
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@vijay we will be coming up with more NCERT notes for revision 🙂
Thnx shashank sir for wonderful notes